Quick Answer

LN Function

Returns the natural (base-e) logarithm of a number.

✓ Excel✓ Google SheetsExcel All versions

Syntax

LN
(number)

Parameters

ParameterDescriptionRequired
numberThe positive real number for which you want the natural logarithm.Required

Basic Example

Natural log of 1

=LN(1)
Result0

e⁰ = 1, so the natural logarithm of 1 is 0.

Advanced Examples

Example 1: Cancel with EXP

Verify the inverse relationship.

LN(EXP(x)) returns x.

=LN(EXP(3))
Result: 3
Taking the natural log of e³ returns 3.

Example 2: Natural log of e

Baseline check.

Use EXP(1) as the argument.

=LN(EXP(1))
Result: 1
The natural log of e is 1.

How LN Works

LN computes logₑ(number), the power to which e must be raised to equal the input. It is the inverse of EXP: LN(EXP(x)) = x for all real x, and EXP(LN(x)) = x for x > 0.

1
Select the cell
Click the cell for the result.
2
Enter the formula
Type =LN(positive_number).
3
Press Enter
The natural logarithm appears.

Important Notes & Limitations

  • The argument must be strictly positive; zero or negative values return #NUM!.

  • Results are floating-point approximations.

  • For other bases use LOG(number, base) or divide by LN(base).

Common Errors & Fixes

#NUM!Argument is 0 or negative.

Fix: Pass a positive number; the natural log of non-positive values is undefined.

#VALUE!Non-numeric argument.

Fix: Supply a numeric value.

Download Practice File

Practice LN with Real Data

Download a sample CSV file with pre-populated data and practice exercises for the LN function. Works in both Excel and Google Sheets.

Works in Google SheetsCompatible with ExcelIncludes exercises

File format: CSV (comma-separated values) - opens in Excel, Google Sheets, and all spreadsheet apps

Frequently Asked Questions

What base does LN use?
The natural base e (≈2.71828). LN(x) = logₑ(x).
How do I compute a log in another base?
Use LOG(number, base), or LN(number)/LN(base).
Why does LN(0) give an error?
The natural log of 0 is negative infinity, which is undefined, so Excel returns #NUM!.