Quick Answer

COS Function

Returns the cosine of an angle given in radians.

✓ Excel✓ Google SheetsExcel All versions

Syntax

COS
(number)

Parameters

ParameterDescriptionRequired
numberThe angle, in radians, for which you want the cosine.Required

Basic Example

Cosine of 60 degrees

=COS(RADIANS(60))
Result0.5

RADIANS(60) converts to π/3; the cosine of π/3 is 0.5.

Advanced Examples

Example 1: Cosine of 0

Baseline check.

Cosine of zero radians.

=COS(0)
Result: 1
The cosine of 0 is 1.

Example 2: Cosine of π

Half turn.

Use PI() for π.

=COS(PI())
Result: -1
The cosine of π radians (180°) is -1.

How COS Works

COS computes the cosine of an angle measured in radians. The function is periodic with period 2π, so COS(x) = COS(x + 2πk) for any integer k.

1
Convert if needed
If your angle is in degrees, wrap it with RADIANS().
2
Enter the formula
Type =COS(number) with the angle in radians.
3
Press Enter
The cosine value appears.

Important Notes & Limitations

  • The angle must be in radians; degrees must be converted with RADIANS or PI()/180.

  • Results are approximate due to floating-point math.

  • COS cannot directly take degrees, unlike some calculator conventions.

Common Errors & Fixes

Unexpected large/small resultAngle was supplied in degrees instead of radians.

Fix: Wrap the angle in RADIANS() or multiply by PI()/180.

#VALUE!Non-numeric argument.

Fix: Supply a numeric angle.

Download Practice File

Practice COS with Real Data

Download a sample CSV file with pre-populated data and practice exercises for the COS function. Works in both Excel and Google Sheets.

Works in Google SheetsCompatible with ExcelIncludes exercises

File format: CSV (comma-separated values) - opens in Excel, Google Sheets, and all spreadsheet apps

Frequently Asked Questions

My COS gives wrong values — why?
Most likely you passed degrees. Convert with RADIANS() first, e.g. =COS(RADIANS(60)).
What is the period of COS?
2π radians. COS repeats every 2π.
How do I get the inverse (angle from cosine)?
Use ACOS, which returns the angle in radians.